Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. The data required to reproduce the results presented in this paper are available at https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/data. are supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant no. ACS Sustain. wrote the codes for analysis. From an energetic standpoint, the CED is reduced by 18.8% and 18.6% with the sonication scenarios, and further reduced (by 24.8%) in the scenario without sonication. CAS LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT Nature and Biodiversity - Standard Action Projects (SAP) Page contents Details Description Details Status Closed Publication date 17 May 2022 Opening date 17 May 2022 Deadline model Single-stage Deadline date 04 October 2022, 17:00 (CEST) Funding programme Programme for the Environment and Climate Action (LIFE) Department State-level gains in longevity achieved over years or even decades were reversed by the pandemic. 21, 12181230 (2016). Without a change in coordination of pandemic response, expansion of testing and a rapid increase in vaccination, Brazil will soon become a serious threat to national and global health security42. Faria, N. R. et al. 2 0 obj LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV - Nature Governance LIFE-2021-CET-LOCAL - Technical support to clean energy transition plans and strategies in municipalities and regions LIFE-2021-CET-PDA - Disruptive PDA - Technical Assistance to advance market boundaries for sustainable energy investments The global annual production of this class of materials is estimated to be over 2 million metric tons, with disposable diapers claiming 74% of the market13. The aim of the project is the conservation of Caretta caretta, in the western Mediterranean basin, from threats related to human disturbance in the nesting sites. J. Environ. Following multiple decrement life table methods previously used to measure the effect of COVID-19 on life expectancy8,16,17, we calculated two additional sets of estimates of life expectancy decline: (1) the difference between 2020 life expectancy estimated above and a scenario in which COVID-19 mortality has been eliminated from 2020 (DT20; Supplementary Tables 3 and 4 and Methods); and (2) the difference between 2019 life expectancy estimated from 2019 death records and a scenario in which 2019 all-cause mortality has been inflated to include COVID-19 mortality (DT19; Supplementary Tables 5 and 6 and Methods). Quantifying impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic through life expectancy losses: a population-level study of 29 countries. Bars, organized by major regions, show changes for the states. Roberts, I. THIS GRANT IS CURRENTLY CLOSED. Popul. Reduction in life expectancy in Brazil after COVID-19 - Nature For all intervals except ages 01, 15 and 90+, the interval length n is 5 years wide. http://www.genomahcov.fiocruz.br/tabela-de-dados/ (2021). T32 AG000037). and S.G. conducted the formal analysis. Nature 594, 259264 (2021). Bauer, W., Jr. Acrylic acid and derivatives. Chem. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Fourth, the economic crisis that hit Brazil in 2014 has contributed to increases in mortality35, poverty and inequality36. and C.M.T. Effect of economic recession and impact of health and social protection expenditures on adult mortality: a longitudinal analysis of 5565 Brazilian municipalities. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles ^c2/rML[,[gs] J. Mol. 61, 25842587 (1939). PDF LIFE PROGRAMME LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE General Information Second, we calculated cause-deleted life tables for 2020 (DT20), which examine the consequences of eliminating COVID-19 mortality from 2020 deaths44. Child immunization was reduced, particularly among impoverished children in the North region29. LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT-NATURE Gamta ir biologin vairov (angl. Considering this factor, the optimized conditions involved sonicating a 2.5% w/v solution for 1min to give an Mw ~360kg/mol, and a 5.0% w/v solution for 2min to give a Mw of ~330kg/mol37. LIFE 2021 - 2027 Webinar Mechanical recycling is not feasible because the crosslinks prevent melting. We did not make any corrections for the under-registration of deaths. Rev. ISSN 1546-170X (online) DT19 and DT20 assess the effect of including and excluding, respectively, only deaths for which COVID-19 was listed as the underlying cause on the death certificate. & Shamanin, V. V. Chain degradation under low-intensity sonication of polymer solutions in the presence of filler: Mechanism of ultrasonic degradation of flexible chain macromolecules. After recording the highest number of monthly COVID-19 deaths in April 2021, transmission remains extremely high, with about 2,000 daily deaths but a very slow immunization rollout. x\[s8~w! Res. Tang, H., Luan, Y., Yang, L. & Sun, H. A perspective on reversibility in controlled polymerization systems: recent progress and new opportunities. Codice fiscale e Partita Iva 10125211002 . Article Trans. :X"."o:XKw$0/vvDvXK J. Phys. 2). 4 0 obj You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. CAS First reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 sub-lineage B.1.617.2 in Brazil: an outbreak in a ship and alert for spread. In this work, we report a mild and efficient synthetic route for open-loop recycling the acrylic-based superabsorbent material used in diapers. Reaction conditions and yields for acid-catalyzed esterification of poly(acrylic acid), acetic acid, and undecanoic acid. endobj 15), producing the relatively small estimates of life expectancy decline. Sap gui scripting python - yebsw.von-der-leuchtenburg.de LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV - Nature Governance - Standard Action Projects (SAP) I progetti relativi a questa call devono essere orientati verso la garanzia di conformit alla legislazione dell'UE in materia di natura e biodiversit e l'accesso alla giustizia mediante: Specifically, using a 2 or 3 step synthetic process, the sodium polyacrylate is converted into a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), which has a significant global market (expected to be $13 billion by 2023) (https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/pressure-sensitive-adhesives-market). M.C.C. To date, most diaper recycling efforts14 have focused on the cellulosic components, which can be biodegraded, incinerated to generate steam, pyrolyzed, or fermented to generate bioethanol15. First, we estimate that COVID-19 deaths in the first 4 months of 2021 have already reduced e0 by 1.8 years, and the ultimate effect on 2021 e0 will be even greater. Ohara, T. et al. As expected, the VWs are higher with larger Mw, which is due to the increased chain entanglements. Mortality due to COVID-19 is estimated to have reduced e0 in the United States by 1.13 years, setting it back to values observed in 2003 (ref. U.S. Patent 2,917,538 (December 15, 1959). and T.A. Super absorbent polymer (SAP) marketGlobal industry analysis, size and forecast. George Giles - VP Marketing & Strategy - LinkedIn Vaupel, J. W., Villavicencio, F. & Bergeron-Boucher, M.-P. Demographic perspectives on the rise of longevity. We demonstrate herein that our open-loop recycling approach to pressure-sensitive adhesives from superabsorbent polymers outcompetes the petroleum-derived syntheses on nearly every metric, including global warming potential and cumulative energy demand. Google Scholar. Get the latest from your favourite shows on National Geographic We also estimated changes in e65 (Fig. To determine whether the base-mediated or acid-catalyzed pathway was better, the two routes were compared using a cradle-to-product life cycle assessment (LCA, Supplementary Fig. A 245, 132140 (2006). To compute the total persons-years lived for 2020, we added the monthly contributions. Pocious, A. V. Adhesion and Adhesives Technology, 3rd ed. The calculation and figure codes required to reproduce the results presented in this paper are available at https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/code. Fifth, reductions in the health budget and changes in the health financing model are likely to affect health outcomes40. 75, 337345 (2002). and S.K. On the final day of the Team Girls Cup, I went for a morning trip to Surfers Paradise for a swim and quality time with the family. P.T.C. For both DT20 and DT19, after estimating the ratio of non-COVID-19 deaths to all-cause deaths, we then used this ratio to estimate the counterfactual life tables in which COVID-19 was eliminated and COVID-19 was included, respectively. The initially heterogeneous reaction mixture becomes a homogeneous solution over time due to the chemical change from a superabsorbent gel-like substance into the soluble, linear polymer products. A new variant of concern (P.1, now called Gamma), which emerged in the city in November 2020, is estimated to be 1.42.2 times more transmissible than other lineages, and at least 17% of the P.1 infections in Manaus in 2021 were reinfections23,24. SEARCH OTHER FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES OR REGISTER TO ACCESS ALL THE INFORMATION AND R&D PROJECTS OPPORTUNITIES IN YOUR AREAS OF INTEREST, Proposals under this topic must address EU Nature and Biodiversity legislation compliance assurance and access to justice by:- establishing new or, where in place, enhancing existing cross-border, national or regional networks of compliance assurance practitioners or experts; and/or establishing or, where in place, improving professional qualifications and training to improve compliance with binding EU legal instruments on nature and biodiversity, through promoting, checking and enforcing compliance, or- applying the polluter pays principle, using a mix of administrative law, criminal law and environmental [], What is Nature and Biodiversity ). We compared the gap in life expectancy between males and females in the period life tables constructed for 2019 and 2020 (Methods). & Garca, J. M. Chemical recycling of waste plastics for new materials production. Cite this article. GetScriptingEngine End If If Not IsObject (connection) Then Set connection = application. J. Phys. H2SO4 with heating (Fig. %PDF-1.7 LIFE 2021 IS PUBLISHED - zabala.eu Science 360, 2829 (2018). Life - Programma per l'ambiente e l'azione per il clima PubMedGoogle Scholar. Because these data are not available by age and sex, we used de-identified publicly available data on severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) hospitalizations from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (Sistema de Informao de Vigilncia Epidemiolgica da Gripe, or SIVEP-Gripe, in Portuguese). Plots of weight-average molar mass (Mw) versus time and maximum specific energy (wmax) for sonicating PAAP&G at a 2.5% w/v and b 5.0% w/v. US Patent 9,321,868 B2 (April 26, 2016). Phillips, T. Brazil begins parliamentary inquiry into Bolsonaros Covid response. In addition to your salary, Elevance Health offers benefits such as, a comprehensive benefits package . Among males, two states, Amazonas and Par, both in the North region, lost all that was gained over 2 decades (Fig. On average, larger declines in e0 and e65 were estimated in the North regions and smaller in the South regions (Fig. We removed 2,689 (0.20%) and 2,722 (0.18%) records in 2019 and 2020, respectively, that did not have information on sex and/or age. Giving superabsorbent polymers a second life as pressure-sensitive adhesives, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24488-9. A life cycle assessment was used to compare the routes that involved (i) no sonication, (ii) sonication for 1min (2.5% w/v) and (iii) sonication for 2min (5.0% w/v), including the workup steps, and will be described in more detail below. Al-Jabari, M., Abu Ghyadah, R. & Alokely, R. Recovery of hydrogel from baby diaper wastes and its application for enhancing soil irrigation management. performed the computations mentored by P.M.Z. M.C.C. M.C.C. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles endobj An international comparison of age and sex dependency of COVID-19 deaths in 2020: a descriptive analysis, A population-based cohort study of socio-demographic risk factors for COVID-19 deaths in Sweden, Years of life lost to COVID-19 in 81 countries, Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of HIV Mortality in China: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016, Disease and healthcare burden of COVID-19 in the United States, Impact of COVID-19 on older adults and role of long-term care facilities during early stages of epidemic in Italy, Global ecological analysis of COVID-19 mortality and comparison between the East and the West, Short- and medium-term impacts of strict anti-contagion policies on non-COVID-19 mortality in China, Age-specific mortality and immunity patterns of SARS-CoV-2, https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/population/18176-population-projection.html, https://opendatasus.saude.gov.br/nl/dataset, https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/data, https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/code, https://www.vitalstrategies.org/resources/excess-mortality-in-brazil-a-detailed-description-of-trends-in-mortality-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/, https://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cdha/latinmortality/wp-content/uploads/book_Ch2.pdf, https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/index.php/biblioteca-catalogo?id=297884&view=detalhes, https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.02.21252772, https://portal.fiocruz.br/sites/portal.fiocruz.br/files/documentos/boletim_covid_2021_extraordinario_maio.pdf, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/14/brazil-manaus-amazonas-covid-coronavirus, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.26.21252554v1, http://www.genomahcov.fiocruz.br/tabela-de-dados/, https://virological.org/t/first-reported-cases-of-sars-cov-2-sub-lineage-b-1-617-2-in-brazil-an-outbreak-in-a-ship-and-alert-for-spread/706, https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2020.12.002, https://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=37022&Itemid=448, https://blogdoibre.fgv.br/posts/auxilio-emergencial-faz-pobreza-cair-em-plena-pandemia, http://olheparaafome.com.br/VIGISAN_Inseguranca_alimentar.pdf, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/27/brazil-begins-parliamentary-inquiry-into-bolsonaros-covid-response, Correlation between human development index and its components with COVID-19 indices: a global level ecologic study, Coronavirus disease-related in-hospital mortality: a cohort study in a private healthcare network in Brazil, The 90 plus: longevity and COVID-19 survival, Years of life lost during the Covid-19 pandemic in Sweden considering variation in life expectancy by level of geriatric care. Anne J. McNeil. In contrast, when acetic acid was reacted with ethanol/water, the conversion was only 68%. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Expected deaths in the presence of COVID-19 are calculated by assuming that individuals who do not die of COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021 are subject to the mortality rates of 2019. | Saiba mais sobre as conexes, experincia profissional, formao . In 15 states (including the entire Southeast region), this loss was higher among males (Fig. https://www.petrochemistry.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/150727_EBAM-Eco-profile-Acrylic-Monomers-1.pdf (Cefic European Basic Acrylic Monomers Sector group (EBAM): Brussels, 2015). Proposals under this topic must address EU Nature and Biodiversity legislation compliance assurance and access to justice by:- establishing new or, where in place, enhancing existing cross-border, national or regional networks of compliance assurance practitioners or experts; and/or establishing or, where in place, improving professional Nat Commun 12, 4524 (2021). D.I.C., M.I.J., and E.N.G.M. Li, J., Nagamani, C. & Moore, J. S. Polymer mechanochemistry: from destructive to productive. The lack of a coordinated, prompt and equitable response informed by science, as well as the promotion of disinformation, have been the hallmark of the current administration27. Applicants wishing to apply for more than one topic, must submit a separate proposal under each topic. The estimated decline in 2021 e0 is 1.78 years (1.86 years for males and 1.64 years for females). 100th Anniversary of macromolecular science viewpoint: redefining sustainable polymers. Globally, there have been significant efforts towards recycling the components of diapers28. This year's call for the 2021 is open to two areas and their sub-programmes: 1. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Italian Institute for Environmental Marcia C. Castro. We used several data sources to estimate the changes in e0 and e65 due to COVID-19 by state and sex in Brazil. We calculated nRx, the age-specific and sex-specific ratio of deaths from all causes other than COVID-19 to deaths inclusive of COVID-19. 1 Land Law III (LLAW3105) Exam DECEMBER 2021 MARKING GUIDE Examiner I: II: University #: Q1 (22) + Q2 (18) + Q3 (12) + Q4 (14) + Q5 (14) - Total Marks: (out of 80) Q Suggested points/answers Marks 1(a) Land is held under Tso, Chinese customary trust for ancestral worship and is supposed to be inalienable and perpetual.
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