[7], On 5 May 1945, a barge full of starving prisoners was towed into harbour at Klintholm Havn in Denmark where 351 of the 370 on board were saved. had worked as a secretary at the Stutthof concentration camp was charged with . [23] The corpses used for this were not made from "harvested" bodies, and the byproduct of Spanner's work at the Danzig institute was collected. per group (up to 3) Private Shore Excursion: Tour of Gdansk and visit Stutthof Concentration Camp. Inside the Third Reichs concentration camps were scores of evil guards capable of committing horrible and sadistic acts. [19][20][21], Historian Joachim Neander argued that, contrary to some claims made in the previous years, what the Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) calls the "chemical substance which was essentially soap"[22] was the byproduct of Spanner's bone maceration processes done to create anatomical models at the Danzig Anatomical Institute, where he worked and which was not part of the Stutthof camp. What science tells us about the afterlife. Mobile gas wagons were also used to complement the maximum capacity of the gas chamber (150 people per execution) when needed. Those whom the SS guards judged too weak or sick to work were gassed in the camp's small gas chamber. Quiz: How well do you know US presidents? Headsman, you ought to investigate this nutter above who is issuing death threats on your site. Nevertheless, Pauly was executed in 1946. Required fields are marked *. The 92-year-old Israeli citizen traveled to Germany to give evidence in the trial of Bruno D., a former SS private accused of 5,230 counts of being an accessory to murder at Stutthof from 1944 to. GitHub export from English Wikipedia. Key and copyright. The camp in Nazi-occupied Poland was opened on September 2, 1939, one day after the German . The second trial was held from October 8, 1947, to October 31, 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. Stutthof was the first camp outside German borders, in operation from 2 September 1939, and the last camp liberated by the Allies on 9 May 1945. In 2017, the prosecution of two former Stutthof camp guards from Borken and Wuppertal commenced. A much higher total was reported by Colonel Howard A. Buechner, the chief medical officer of the 45th Infantry Division, who was at the camp during and after the liberation. Stutthof was a Nazi concentration camp established by Nazi Germany in a secluded, marshy, and wooded area near the village of Stutthof (now Sztutowo) 34 km (21 mi) east of the city of Danzig in the territory of the German-annexed Free City of Danzig.The camp was set up around existing structures after the invasion of Poland in World War II and initially used for the imprisonment of Polish . In December of the same year, a 97-year-old former secretary of the Stutthof concentration camp in present-day Poland was given a two-year suspended prison sentence. This week, a 95-year-old woman was arrested in Germany and charged with complicity in the murders of 10,000 people - the first such case in recent years. She then ordered her dog, known as the big, bad, wolfhound to attack the sick girl, who was sitting on the ground, She later died from the bites. She died in 2000. On this date in 1946, officials of Soviet-occupied Poland publicly hanged eleven convicted war criminals of the Stutthof concentration camp. Arraigned 24 ex-officials and guards of the Stutthof concentration camp were judged and found guilty. Inside of the barbed wire fences, horror and brutality was administered by the SS guards and workers inside of the camps. "I was told by the museum that the Nazis laid explosives around the buildings and set them on a timer to explode after they had evacuated, but the timer malfunctioned. Wegerer told the trial that in 1941, a lampshade made of tanned, tattooed human skin was being prepared for Koch and that she arrived at the infirmary to choose among the available tanned, parchment-thin human skins, the ones with suitable tattoos, for the lampshade.. Thousands of SS guards were granted transfers from camps to field service, said Stefan Hrdler, yet Dey had remained at Stutthof until April 1945. Further in the background is the guard SS-Oberscharfhrer Johann Pauls and several Polish kapos. Edited by G. ukomski, G. Kucharski. It was also the final camp liberated by the Allies in May 1945. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was born in Hamburg in 1921. As the Nazis consolidated their power in the 1930s, many younger people like Barkmann became enthralled by the Fuhrer and joined the Hitler Youth and other equivalents. [23][22][29], The main German concentration camp in Stutthof had as many as 40 sub-camps during World War II. $156.33. [13], In October 2019, Bruno Dey from Hamburg was accused of contributing to the killings of 5,230 prisoners at Stutthof camp between 1944 and 1945. The sub-camps of Stutthof included:[30][31][32], The evacuation of prisoners from the Stutthof camp system began on 25 January 1945. National Socialism was RIGHT and we will return and we will remember things like this, so lowlife like you had better beware.. The execution of guards of the Stutthof concentration camp on July 4th 1946. [1] When the Soviet army began its advance through German-occupied Estonia in July and August 1944, the camp staff of Klooga concentration camp evacuated the majority of the inmates by sea and sent them to Stutthof. Koryski told the court it "was no secret" that people were being killed in the camp's gas chamberbefore being burned, because of the smell that spread through the barracks. Execution of Stutthof concentration camp overseers at Biskupia Grka. Thirty-four female guards including Becker, Bothe, Steinhoff, Paradies, and Barkmann were identified later as having committed crimes against humanity. Sign up here. The major subcamps were in Toru (Thorn) and in Elblg (Elbing). Manfred Goldberg was 13 when he was sent to Stutthof concentration camp near the coast of the Baltic Sea in August 1943. Apprehended after the war, she was sentenced and publicly hanged in Gdansk. Why Are There Superstitions Around Black Cats? [38], In July 2021, a 96-year-old German secretary, Irmgard Furchner, who had been part of KZ Stutthof was arrested to be tried for war crimes. Camp's Commandant Johann Pauls - death by hanging 2. Your email address will not be published. American survivor Asia Shindelman, who testified via video link, said she had been taken there with her parents, uncle and grandmother and witnessed prisoners being thrown by guards into electrified fences. Stutthof had a large number of sub camps, and prisoners were forced to work incredibly hard some even made aircraft parts for German planes. PoznaGniezno 2011, page 131 . A judicial officer looks at his watch prior to a trial against a 96-year-old former secretary for the SS commander of the Stutthof concentration camp at the court room in Itzehoe, Germany on . 2023.02.28. It was surrounded by electrified barbed-wire fences. In early 1945 he survived a "death march" to the west after being freed by the Red Army. [15], In 2021, Irmgard Furchner a German former concentration camp secretary and stenographer at Stutthof, where she worked for camp commandant Paul-Werner Hoppe,[16] was charged with 11,412 counts of accessory to murder and 18 additional counts of accessory to attempted murder,[17][18][19] On December 20, 2022 she was found guilty and sentenced to a suspended jail term of two years. [2], During the first trial held at Gdask from April 25, 1946, to May 31, 1946, the joint Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court tried and convicted of crimes against humanity a group of thirteen ex-officials and overseers of the Stutthof concentration camp in Sztutowo and its Bromberg-Ost subcamp for women located in the city of Bydgoszcz. It is estimated that around 65,000 people were murdered during the Holocaust in the Stutthof concentration camp, near the Polish city now called Gdansk. She is accused of having assisted those responsible at the camp in the systematic killing of Jewish prisoners, Polish partisans and Soviet Russian prisoners of war between June 1943 and April 1945. It was in 1943 that Stutthof's population of detainees was dramatically enlarged, from a capacity of 4,000 to 25,000. The Best Medical History Books Everyone Should Rea, The Lovers of Valdaro A Double Burial From Neolithic Italy. But the Buchenwald Memorial Foundation says two credible witnesses, Austrian prisoner Dr. Gustav Wegerer, who ran the infirmary, and Josef Ackermann, a political prisoner and secretary of the camp doctor, confirmed the existence of the lamp. In 1943, the camp was enlarged and a new camp was constructed alongside the earlier one. When the guilty verdict came in, she declared, Life is indeed a pleasure, and pleasures are usually short.. The event drew an immense crowd of approximately 200,000 people, and due to humanitarian concerns, authorities refrained from organizing further public executions. Bruno Dey, a 93-year-old former SS guard at the Stutthof concentration camp near what is now . As the wife of Commandant SS Col Karl Koch, Isle Kochs extreme sadism meant she was as feared as any of the Nazi leaders. Poland held four trials in Gdask against former guards and kapos of Stutthof, charging them with crimes of war and crimes against humanity. [33][34] He was charged as a juvenile, as he was under 21 at the time of the offense. Journey time by bus is about 80 minutes and costs 14.50z. Get back into the undergrowth you crawled from, Dave. [2][5], The last two trials in Poland concerning two Stutthof concentration camp officials took place four years apart. (08.08.2019), One of the last trials against an ex-concentration camp guard began Thursday in Hamburg. Again, hundreds of prisoners were forced into the sea and shot. [15] It is believed that inmates sent for immediate execution were not registered. It is also the last camp liberated by the Allies (May 10th 1945). "The main entrance gate of Stutthof became known as the Death Gate because once you entered it was more or less a death sentence," Mr Goldberg remembers. Eleven defendants including the former commander, Johann Pauls, were sentenced to death. As Soviet forces closed in on Stutthof in late April 1945, the Nazis decided to abandon the camp and sent the remaining inmates on a death march. Germany: Ex-Nazi camp guard dies, ending case against him. "You did not seek a way out," the judge said. [23][22], Polish historians and employees at the IPN; Monika Tomkiewicz and Piotr Semkw, reached similar conclusions. Thousands were taken to the Baltic Sea where they were executed, and many more were killed by the brutal SS guards and officers. The major subcamps were Thorn and Elbing. One such guard was Jenny Barkmann, who earned the moniker Beautiful Spectre.. One witness said: I was working in the kitchen at Birkenau (Auschwitz) when I saw a woman, whose daughter was in an adjoining camp, go to the dividing wire in order to speak to her daughter. It was liberated by the British army on April 15th, 1945. His testimony is part of a court case against a 93-year-old former guard. About 5,000 prisoners from Stutthof subcamps were marched to the Baltic Sea coast, forced into the water, and machine gunned. At the subsequent trial, liberated prisoners said Grese - dubbed the Beautiful Beast - tortured prisoners both physically and emotionally and enjoyed shooting prisoners in cold blood. PD-Polish Public Domain. [3], A range of German organisations and individuals used Stutthof prisoners as forced laborers. Naley odnotowa, e prowadzone w latach 20022006 przez Oddziaow Komisj cigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu w Gdasku ledztwo potwierdzio, e w Instytucie Anatomicznym produkowano w czasie wojny mydo z tuszczu ludzkiego, wprawdzie nie na skal przemysow, jednak do celw uytkowych, translated: One should note that the investigation carried out in the years 20022006 by the District Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation in Gdask (Oddziaowa Komisja cigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu w Gdasku) proved that during the war soap from human fat was manufactured at the Anatomical Institute. [12], The first 150 inmates, imprisoned on 2 September 1939, were selected among Poles and Jews arrested in Danzig immediately after the outbreak of war. All opinions and comments and dialogue should discuss the video above in a historical manner.TheUntoldPast does not accept any racism, profanity, insults, sexism or any negative discussion aimed at an individual. In July, Bruno Dey, a 93-year-old former SS guard at Stutthof was convicted of aiding in the murder of 5,230 people, most of them Jews. Babysitter 'with black heart' filmed herself sexually abusing toddler before sending video to her paedophile lover, Piers Morgan slams 'disgusting' 500 parking charges for NHS staff as Grant Shapps admits 'something's gone wrong'. Bus Tours. The only survivor who gave evidence in person to the Furchner trial, Josef Salomonovic, described it as the worst of eight concentration camps he was forced to endure. [2][5], The fourth trial was also held before a Polish Special Criminal Court, from November 19, 1947, to November 29, 1947. A total of 295 women guards worked as staff in the Stutthof complex of camps. After being tracked down by Nazi hunter Simon Weisenthal, in 1973, she was retried and jailed for life by a Dusseldorf court. I met her in the field and did not manage to get out of her way in time. There was no evidence to link him to specific killings, and though he admitted to serving at the camp, he said that he was unaware that people were being murdered there. In December, a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of being complicit in the murder of over 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp that was located in occupied Poland. In December, a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of being complicit in the murder of over 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp that was located in occupied Poland. In 1943, the camp was enlarged and a new camp was constructed alongside the earlier one. Bruno Dey was convicted of complicity in mass murder there last year and given a suspended sentence, Twelve were sentenced to death, including the commander of the guards Johann Pauls, while the remainder were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. The third trial was held from 5 November to 10 November 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. [7], In late April 1945, the remaining prisoners were removed from Stutthof by sea, since the camp was completely encircled by Soviet forces. Read more:Poland moves to make it illegal to say 'Polish death camps'. It was during this time as a slave labourer that he met lifelong friend Zigi Shipper. [41], In 1999, Artur mijewski filmed a group of nude people playing tag in one of the Stutthof gas chambers, sparking outrage.[42][43][44]. Initially, in Auschwitz, the camp numbers were sewn on the clothes; with the increased death rate, it became difficult to identify corpses, since clothes were removed from corpses.Therefore, the medical personnel started to write the numbers . Barkmann was sentenced to hang, along with ten other defendants. [7][8] Finally, in January 1942, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp. When the final evacuation began, there were nearly 50,000 prisoners, the overwhelming majority of them Jews, in the Stutthof camp system. The first female guards arrived in the camps starting in 1942 at Auschwitz and Majdanek from Ravensbruck. She was 36. [citation needed], Conditions in the camp were extremely harsh;[16] tens of thousands of prisoners succumbed to starvation and disease. Sadistic Koch - known as the Witch of Buchenwald - was just one of many women who murdered, maimed and tortured Jewish prisoners in the Holocaust. Although the guards at Stutthof were already expected to treat the prisoners ruthlessly, Jenny Barkmann stood out for her exceptional cruelty. Contents Tour to stutthof concentration camp Camp Staff Prisoners Conditions Arraigned 20 ex-officials and guards were judged; 19 were found guilty, and one was acquitted. After evading capture for a few months, she was recognized and arrested in May 1945. In late April 1945, the remaining prisoners were removed from Stutthof by sea, since Stutthof was completely encircled by Soviet forces. Arraigned 20 ex-officials and guards were judged; nineteen were found guilty, and one was acquitted. Who is Rod Ponton and why has he gone viral? When she was 22, Barkmann began actively seeking work in the concentration camps. You excuses for human beings are no better than you accuse the National Socialists of being. Such marches became common, as the Nazis sought to erase evidence of their crimes, and many of the detainees were killed as the war neared its end. He was executed by long-drop hanging by Albert Pierrepoint in Hamelin Prison on October 8, 1946. Who is Buffalo Allina Clinic shooting suspect Gregory Ulrich and who are the victims? Originally, Stutthof was a civilian internment camp under the Danzig police chief. From left to right: Jenny-Wanda Barkmann, Ewa Paradies, Elisabeth Becker, Wanda Klaff, and Gerda Steinhoff. Anyone marching who didn't have the strength was shot," said Mr Goldberg. [4], Stutthof was the first German concentration camp set up outside German borders in World WarII, in operation from 2 September 1939. They were cut off by advancing Soviet forces. She committed suicide in 1967. Arraigned 27 ex-officials and guards were judged; 26 were found guilty, and one was acquitted. Luxury Car Tours. At a hill in Gdansk known as Biskupia Gorka (Bishop Hill), upon a specially-erected row of four T-shaped double gallows centered around a pi-shaped triple gallows, and before a crowd of thousands, the doomed eleven were noosed on the back of military trucks which then drove away to leave them strangling to death with a short drop hanging. [13] Other sources say that the camp staff shot most remaining inmates in a mass murder. The first Nazi war criminal to be extradited from the US, in 1973, Hermine Braunstein was known as the Kobyla - meaning stomping mare - because of her tendency to kick women to death with her steel-capped boots. [11], Several Norwegian Waffen SS volunteers worked as guards or as instructors for prisoners from Nordic countries, according to senior researcher at the Norwegian Center for Studies of Holocaust and Religious Minorities, Terje Emberland. During the Second World War, there were a huge network of concentration camps established by the Third Reich. She also personally selected women and children for the gas chambers, on one occasion, in 1944, sending 3,000 to their death. Shortly before the German surrender, some prisoners were transferred to Malmo, Sweden, and released to the care of that neutral country. Koryski was taken from Lithuania to Stutthofin 1944, when he was 16 years old. Karl Koch was hanged in 1944, for embezzling millions from wealthy Germans and, in 1950, Ilse was jailed for life in Germany, for war crimes. Even then, she continued kicking me, then walked away and left me there.. The Executions of Nazi Stutthof camp SS female guards and kapos by former camp prisoners ThePastQuest 96K views 7 months ago Execution of Maria Masha Bruskina by nazi publicly hanging at. Gas chambers had been in operation in Nazi death camps since 1942 in German-occupied Poland but it was not until June 1944 that Zyklon B gas was used at Stutthof. "We were beaten constantly, the whole time, even while working," Koryski told the Hamburg District Court. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. swisslotto. [14], Stutthof's registered inmates included citizens of 28 countries, and besides Jews and Poles Germans, Czechs, Dutch, Belgians, French, Norwegians, Finns, Danes, Lithuanians, Latvians, Belarusians, Russians, Croats and others. Prosecutors say he was a "cog" in Nazi Germany's "murderous machinery." [10], In November 2018, Johann Rehbogen from Borken was tried in court for serving at Stutthof camp from June 1942 to September 1944. "Worst of all were the whips.". To support our channel, please make sure to subscribe. [11] In December 2018, the trial was suspended, since the convict had to be hospitalized for serious heart and kidney problems. However, he was tried in a juvenile court due to being about 17 at that time. Others labored in local brickyards, in private industrial enterprises, in agriculture, or in the camp's own workshops. Historydefined.net is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com, Copyright 2023 History Defined | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. During the Second World War, there were a huge network of concentration camps established by the Third Reich. Not all the female guards were monsters - with many sharing food and clothing with inmates at considerable risk to themselves. The prosecution accuses her of participating in the murder of inmates in the Stutthof concentration camp in present-day Poland, where she worked as a typist and secretary to the camp commander . If convicted, he faces a possible six months to 10 years in prison. Check out our SECOND CHANNEL TheFortress for a new video EVERY DAY! A 95-year-old woman who worked for the commandant of a Nazi concentration camp has been charged in north Germany with aiding . The Germans used Stutthof prisoners as forced laborers. "I was first in Stutthof in August '43 for close to a month and then two other [camps] before I returned at the end of 1944 for a second time," he told the BBC. "It was a practical impossibility that [Furchner] could make her way into the camp from her home without knowing what was going on there.". Some 28,000 of those who died were Jews. Over 4,000 were sent by small boat to Germany, some to the Neuengamme concentration camp near Hamburg, and some to camps along the Baltic coast. It is an obscenity and should be punished, if there are still any of these scum around today, they should be brought to justice. Another prisoner said Bormann grabbed another female prisoner by the hair, threw her to the ground and ordered dogs to bite her so severely that she was a mass of blood. The woman died at the scene. [20][21], Lista osob Straconych w wiezieniach Polskich w latach 1944 1956 , IPN, 1990, Zaoga obozu Stutthof (Staff of Stutthof concentration camp), "Odpowiedzialno za zbrodnie popenione w Stutthofie. She called. The girl was later declared dead by camp doctors. When the final evacuation began, there were nearly 50,000 prisoners, the majority of them Jews, in the Stutthof camp system. Former SS guard stands trial on murder accessory charges, Germany: 92-year-old former SS guard to face trial, Former Nazi concentration camp guard on trial in Hamburg, UN states finally strike deal to protect high seas. 1939). Most of the original detainees were local Poles and Jews when Stutthof was built in 1939 as the first Nazi camp outside Germany's borders in World War Two. Although Bruno D. is 93, he is being tried in a juvenile court because he was 17 in August 1944 when he started working as a guard at Stutthof, set up by the Nazis in the territory of the former Free City of Danzig, now known as Gdansk and part of modern Poland. Stutthof female SS guards trial.jpg 1,209 799; 294 KB Wanda Klaff (cropped).jpg 232 345; 39 KB Categories: Executions of individuals consequent to Nazism Female guards in Nazi concentration camps Stutthof concentration camp Gallows in Poland Biskupia Grka Gdask in the 1940s 1946-07-04 Public execution Non-topical/index: The first trial of Stutthof criminals took place in 1946 in Gdansk, with Barkmann standing trial alongside 13 other defendants: During the trial, Barkmann flirted with guards, obsessed over her hair, and inappropriately giggled at times. Stutthof Concentration Camp. Dave with an atitude like that you should be #12. A two-year suspended sentence in line with that requested by prosecutors was handed down by the Itzehoe state court in northern Germany. German Earth and Stone Works (DEST) was an SS-owned company founded on 29 April 1938 for the exploitation of prisoner labor in the concentration camps for the . [2] Pauly was tried by the British for war crimes with thirteen others in the Curio Haus in Hamburg which was located in the British occupied sector of Germany. But the few that took pleasure from the horrors within the walls of the camps proved the female of the species really can be deadlier than the male.